After graduating in Engineering, Jean-Laurent Bonnafé joined the French civil service, working first as a Senior Officer in the French Ministry of Industry and subsequently as Technical Advisor to the Minister of Trade and Industry. In 1993, he joined BNP as a Senior Investment Banker. In 1997, he was appointed Head of Strategy and Development. Following the BNP merger with Paribas in the year 2000, he led the post-merger integration process. In 2002, Jean-Laurent Bonnafé was appointed Head of the BNP Paribas Group’s French Retail Banking division, becoming a member of the Group Executive Committee. In 2006, when BNL was merged into the BNP Paribas Group, he was appointed BNL Managing Director. In 2008, he became BNP Paribas Chief Operating Officer and assumed responsibility for the Retail Banking activities of the entire Group. In 2009, Jean-Laurent Bonnafé was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Fortis Bank. On 1 December 2011, the Board of Directors appointed Jean-Laurent Bonnafé Group Chief Executive Officer. In addition, he sits on the Board of Directors of Carrefour.